Central banks across Asia stepped up their efforts to offer more support to commercial banks on Wednesday, to try to ease painful pressure on funding costs from a vicious global credit squeeze.
Just a day after it slashed interest rates by the most in 16 years, Australia's central bank expanded the types of collateral it would take for loans to banks and greatly lengthened the period for which it would lend.
The Bank of Japan leant a further $US20 billion to a dollar-hungry market and Hong Kong chopped the borrowing rate it charged banks by a full percentage point. There were also reports China might soon cut its interest rates.
The Federal Reserve took the radical step of lending to companies directly and signalled a new readiness to ease US interest rates.
And the UK government was expected to announce a 50 billion pound bail-out of its banking system on Wednesday, after shares at some institutions fell up to 39% the day before.
Yet, all this furious activity could not prevent share markets across Asia from slumping as worries grew that nothing the central banks could do would head off a global recession.
"Governments around the globe are very active and aggressive in providing liquidity to markets but it's not going to fix the problem we have right now which is high interbank lending rates,'' said Craig Saalmann, a credit strategist at JPMorgan in Sydney. "It is a market solution that is going to sort this out, not a government or central bank intervention.''
Scared stiff
With banks still too scared to lend to one another, the London Interbank Offered Rate (Libor) for borrowing US dollars for three months climbed to 4.32% on Tuesday. That was far above the 2.8% level held just a month ago, making it prohibitively expensive for banks to find funding.
Overnight US dollar rates jumped to between 4 and 5% in Singapore and as high as 6.5% in Kuala Lumpur, compared with 2-3% cited by traders in Asia on Tuesday.
The rise was all the more worrying as it came despite an extraordinary expansion of credit by the central banks.
Analysts at BNP Paribas noted the Federal Reserve alone had expanded its balance sheet by an astonishing 49% in the past three weeks, taking its assets to $US1.39 trillion.
It also broke with tradition to lend to companies directly by buying unsecured commercial paper.
"This is very important, because it means that the Fed has crossed the Rubicon of unsecured lending,'' said Stephen Stanley, chief economist at RBS Greenwich Capital.
From there, it was just a step to making unsecured loans directly to banks, he said.
Even then, it would only avert an economic fallout if banks stopped hoarding all that cash and resumed lending to others.
"The term funding markets are essentially closed at the moment,'' said CBA chief executive Ralph Norris today, referring to loans of any period longer than a week.
Norris was speaking at a news conference after announcing the opportunistic purchase of BankWest, the Australian unit of beleaguered British bank HBOS, for $2.1 billion.
Islands of calm
Australia's banks have been islands of relative calm amid the global credit chaos, being profitable and largely free of the bad loans plaguing US and European banks.
Yet they need to borrow abroad to fund their activities and that has been costing more and more.
That was a major reason the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) cut its key cash rate by a steep 100 basis points to 6% on Tuesday, the biggest reduction since 1992.
On Wednesday, the central bank went further by accepting more types of debt as collateral for loans and lend to banks for much longer periods.
"This is another positive step to help ease pressures in the money markets and banking system,'' said Adam Donaldson, head of debt strategy at Commonwealth Bank in Sydney. "The RBA is being very proactive.''
And there were hopes the US Fed would take a page out of the RBA's play book and cut its rate aggressively. Fed chairman Ben Bernanke on Tuesday said it would have to consider easing given the worsening economic outlook.
"It's about as clear as you can get in terms of central bank speak and a cut could come any day,'' said Adam Carr, a senior economist at broker ICAP in Sydney. "This certainly lifts the odds of coordinated central bank action.''
Reuters